Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms, such as plankton and algae. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Petroleum is a vital resource that is used for a wide range of purposes, including fuel for transportation and heating, as well as in the production of plastics, chemicals, and other industrial products. It is also used in the production of electricity through the generation of thermal power.

The extraction and use of petroleum have significant environmental impacts, including air and water pollution, habitat destruction, and greenhouse gas emissions. The burning of petroleum products is a major contributor to climate change, as it releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Efforts to reduce the environmental impact of petroleum include developing alternative energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, as well as improving energy efficiency and conservation. In addition, the use of cleaner burning fuels, such as natural gas, and the development of carbon capture and storage technology can help to mitigate the environmental impact of petroleum use.