Oil contamination refers to the introduction of crude oil or refined petroleum products into an environment where they are not naturally found. Oil contamination can occur through spills or leaks from oil production, storage, and transportation activities, as well as from natural seeps or accidents such as oil tanker accidents.

Oil contamination can have significant negative impacts on the environment, including:

1. Harm to wildlife: Oil spills can harm or kill wildlife in a variety of ways, including coating feathers or fur, suffocation, ingestion, and poisoning.
2. Damage to ecosystems: Oil spills can damage or destroy habitats, including wetlands, estuaries, and other sensitive environments.
3. Economic impacts: Oil spills can have significant economic impacts on communities and industries that rely on fisheries, tourism, and other activities that are impacted by environmental damage.
4. Health risks: Exposure to oil and its components can pose health risks to humans and wildlife, including respiratory problems, skin irritation, and increased risk of cancer.

To mitigate the negative impacts of oil contamination, a variety of strategies can be employed, including containment and cleanup efforts, environmental monitoring, and the development and use of technologies that can reduce the risk of spills and leaks. In addition, regulations and policies can be implemented to promote responsible oil production and transportation practices, and to hold companies accountable for spills and other environmental damage.